One of the first things to think about here is temperature. Temperature and thermometers have a very similar relation to speed and speedometers. For all practical purposes, a thermometer is really a speedometer for molecular speed or motion. At this site (another good NSF funded science education site)http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=48 , is a good overview of temperature with a good image of the temperature scales and conversions between different scales. Notice that the Kelvin scale starts at zero and goes up from there. This is like our car speedometer, in that at 0 Kelvin (K), molecular and atomic motions stop. As the temperature rises, atoms and molecules begin to move faster and faster.
The second thing to consider is the intermolecular forces (attractions) that exist between molecules. In the D2L content slides there are a few types of attractions described, notice all of these are defined by the attraction that exists between positive and negative charges. Water is a great example of a molecule that has strong attractions that we call hydrogen bonding. It is this strong attraction that makes water a unique molecule on our planet. It turns out that the hydrogen atoms tend to be positive in charge, and the oxygen atoms tends to be negative in charge.
Tasks to be completed for Acitivity 6
1. Convert 0°F, 32°F, 70°F, and 212°F to Kelvin
- 0°F = 255.372K
- 32°F = 273.25K
- 70°F = 294.261K
- 212°F = 373.15K
2. Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you were a student, and then post this on your blog. You can scan it or just take a picture of it.
3. In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?
- The water molecules are aligned in circular like shapes. The hydrogen atoms look to be attracted to the oxygen atoms because the hydrogen atoms are almost always closer to the oxygen atoms than the other hydrogen atoms.
4. Switch to the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like ones you may use to go diving.
- Temperature: 135 K
- Pressure: 3.35 ATM
5. List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses.
C.4.4 Use simple science equipment safely and effectively, including rulers,
balances, graduated cylinders, hand lenses, thermometers, and computers, to
collect data relevant to questions and investigations
- A computer simulation program was used to demonstrate the changes in matter. This was a safe and simple way to explore how different molecules react.
C.4.6 Communicate the results of their investigations in ways their audiences
will understand by using charts, graphs, drawings, written descriptions, and
various other means, to display their answers
- In this activity, I was asked to create drawings and written descriptions of what I observed in this simulation program.
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